This is the study of the biology of microscopic organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, slime molds, and protozoa. Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, or microbes, a diverse group of generally minute simple life-forms, which include bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. This field is concerned with the structure, and classification of such organisms.
Microbiology is the study of bacteria, viruses, and other microbes, which are invisible to the eye. These super small creatures are everywhere, even in you as well. But most of the microbes are harmless to humans.
Overview
Microbiology and its activities are vitally important to virtually all processes on Earth. Microorganisms matter since they affect every aspect of our lives – they are in us, on us, and around us.
Microbiology of Prasidh Hospital, Hyderabad is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, and protozoa, these are too small to be visible with the naked eye. This discipline is including fundamental research on the biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, evolution, and clinical aspects of microorganisms, including the host response to these agents. These bacterias are known as 'microbes'.
These microbes play vital roles in nutrient cycling, biodegradation/biodeterioration, climate change, the cause and control of disease, and biotechnology. Thanks to their versatility, microbes can be put to work in several ways: making life-saving drugs, manufacturing biofuels, cleaning up pollution, and producing and processing food and drink.
Microbiology uses many techniques to identify microorganisms, including the following:
Microorganisms may include the following:
Microbiology is a very important part of every hospital. And we, the Prasidh hospital, take care of everything very seriously and on priority.
Tests |
Uses |
Blood culture |
Can diagnose bacterial, fungal, or viral infections of the blood |
Burn, tissue, and wound culture |
Can identify disease-causing organisms in various tissues |
Sputum culture and/or nasal swab |
Can identify bacteria that cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia |
Stool culture |
Can identify parasites and bacteria that cause disease, such as salmonella or hookworms |
Urine culture |
Can identify disease-causing bacteria in the kidneys and urinary tract |
Throat swab and/or culture |
Often used to diagnose or rule out strep throat |
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease, which affects the tissues surrounding the root end of a tooth and is caused by root canal (which is called endodontic) infection. Recent studies in the fields of molecular and cellular microbiology and immunology had provided information to implicate a multitude of factors in the pathogenesis of symptomatic apical periodontitis, including its most severe form, the acute apical abscess. Getting the factors that make a chronic asymptomatic endodontic infection evolve into an acute abscess, sometimes with severe complications, may help establish better strategies to prevent and deal with these conditions. This review focuses mainly on the microbiology and treatment of acute apical abscesses and how the disease development is influenced by host-related factors. Future directions in research and therapeutic approaches to deal with this disease are also discussed here.
The disease process
An abscess is consisting of a collection of pus into a cavity formed by tissue liquefaction. The terms dental abscess and odontogenic abscess are often used synonymously to describe abscesses formed in the tissues around the tooth. The cause can be an endodontic infection (acute apical abscess) or a periodontal infection (periodontal abscess and pericoronitis). The acute apical abscess is the most common and important form of dental abscesses and is the subject of this review.
Endodontic infection develops only in root canals of teeth, which are devoid of a vital pulp. This can be due to necrosis of the dental pulp as a consequence of caries or trauma to the tooth or to the removal of the pulp tissue for previous root canal treatment. Once the infection is established in the root canal, bacteria can contact the periradicular tissues via apical and lateral foramina or root perforations and induce a chronic or acute inflammatory response. The chronic response is generally asymptomatic and almost invariably leads to bone resorption around the root apex, which is the typical radiographic feature of apical periodontitis. Acute periradicular inflammation in turn generally gives rise to signs and/or symptoms, including pain and swelling. The acute (symptomatic) process can develop without previous chronic inflammation or maybe result from an exacerbation of a previously chronic asymptomatic lesion. It has been estimated that the incidence of exacerbations of apical periodontitis (that is asymptomatic lesions becoming symptomatic) is about 5% per year.
The acute abscess may be regarded as an advanced stage of the symptomatic form of apical periodontitis. In acute endodontic infections, not only are they involved bacteria located in the root canal, but they invade the periradicular tissues and have the potential to spread to other anatomical spaces of the head and neck to form cellulitis or phlegmon, which is a disseminating diffuse inflammatory process with pus formation.
Clinically, the patient with acute apical abscess experiences mild to severe pain and swelling both. Trismus may occur. Systemic manifestations can also develop, including fever, lymphadenopathy, malaise, headache, and nausea. Since the acute reaction to endodontic infection may develop very quickly, the involved tooth may not show radiographic evidence of periradicular bone destruction. When a periradicular radiolucency is radiographically observed, the abscess is usually the result of an exacerbation of a previous chronic asymptomatic condition. Generally, the tooth is extremely sensitive to percussion.
